![]() By 1940, Algeria had been made a formal part of France ruled directly by a Governor-General. France began its conquest of Algeria in 1830. Morocco, ruled by a Sultan, had become a French protectorate under the Treaty of Fez in 1912 as in Tunisia, a French Resident-General supervised the Sultan and his bureaucracy. Italy conquered the provinces of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan from the Turks in 1911 and renamed the unified colony Libya in 1934.įrance established a formal protectorate over Tunisia in 1881 the Tunisian ruler was supervised by a French Resident-General. British control of Egypt was reconfirmed under the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. Britain also occupied the shores of the Suez Canal. Despite granting Egypt nominal independence under Sultan Fuad I in 1922, Britain retained control of Egyptian foreign policy and military defense. Britain formally established a protectorate over Egypt in 1914. In 1940 each of the five territories along the North African coast-Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco-had a colonial or semi-colonial status under a European power. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco ![]() It was critically important to the course of World War II. The Allied victory in North Africa destroyed or neutralized nearly 900,000 German and Italian troops, opened a second front against the Axis, permitted the invasion of Sicily and the Italian mainland in the summer of 1943, and removed the Axis threat to the oilfields of the Middle East and to British supply lines to Asia and Africa. ![]() American casualties in Tunisia alone totaled more than 18,500.
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